Platelet rich plasma
PRP is prepared from the patient's blood. Evidence varies by condition and preparation. Important trials have not shown a benefit, and cartilage regrowth is not established.
Read Chapter 7 →Joint and tendon care
Regenerative care
A clear diagnosis, a realistic recovery goal and an informed discussion of treatment.
Care built around your recovery
Mr Peyman Bakhshayesh offers orthopaedic assessment and treatment planning for joint and tendon symptoms. The consultation connects the diagnosis with rehabilitation, appropriate symptom treatments and a careful discussion of procedures.
Regenerative care includes treatments with different purposes and different levels of evidence. Improving pain or function does not necessarily mean that cartilage or tendon has regenerated. A treatment plan should explain the expected benefit, the uncertainty, the risks and the alternatives.
Whether a particular procedure is appropriate and available is confirmed after assessment. The book describes the wider field and is not a menu of procedures suitable for every patient.
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The complete book
Regenerative Care in Trauma and Orthopaedics
Evidence informed care for joints tendons and recovery
By Mr Peyman Bakhshayesh, MD, PhD, MBA, Consultant Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon.
Educational information to support a consultation. It does not provide an individual diagnosis or prescription.
Treatment questions
Different treatments need different decisions
Shockwave therapy
A non-invasive procedure studied for selected tendon and heel symptoms. Its evidence is mixed and condition-specific; rehabilitation remains central.
Read Chapter 10 →Joint injections
Steroid may provide short-term symptom relief. NICE does not recommend hyaluronic acid for osteoarthritis. Hydrogel evidence and precautions are product-specific.
Read Chapters 5 and 6 →Cell treatments
Bone marrow concentrate is not a purified stem cell product. Routine tissue regeneration has not been established, and product-specific regulation matters.
Read Chapter 8 →Rehabilitation
Progressive activity, strength and load management support recovery. The plan should fit the diagnosis, health, work and personal goals.
Read Chapter 18 →Consent and safety
Understand alternatives, material risks, uncertain benefit, aftercare and when to seek urgent help before agreeing to a procedure.
Read Chapter 20 and the appendices →Inside the book
From diagnosis to follow-up
- Foundations of pain, healing and evidence
- Treatment mechanisms, evidence and safety
- Shoulder, elbow, wrist, spine, hip, knee, foot and ankle care
- Rehabilitation and return to activity
- Complex trauma and reconstructive surgery
- Patient questions, aftercare, outcome records and glossary
Check the evidence
The linked bibliography includes current NICE guidance, primary studies and 2026 professional recommendations. It explains where guidance differs and where evidence remains uncertain.
NICE osteoarthritis guidance ↗
NICE PRP knee procedure guidance ↗
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Patient information & informed choices
